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Franklin’s Autobiography is the only enduring best-seller written in America before the nineteenth century, as well as the most popular autobiography ever written.

As such it deserves to be offered to twentieth-century readers in the most accurate form possible, and so it is, in this Norton Critical Edition, the first text to be edited directly from the manu*s, rather than perpetuating the errors of previous editions.

The text is fully annotated, and the reading is assisted by helpful footnotes, biographical sketches, and two maps.

In "Backgrounds", the editors collect Franklin’s most important reflections on the Autobiography’s purpose, some anecdotes, and a number of Franklin’s statements on wealth, the art of virtue, and perfection. Materials in "Criticism" range from contemporary opinions—which reveal that readers were divided then as they are now about the art of the Autobiography—to essays written in the twentieth century.

Nineteenth-century opinions include those of John Keats, Edgar Allen Poe, Mark Twain, and William Dean Howells, among others.

The twentieth-century materials include D. H. Lawrence’s celebrated essay, an excerpt from Max Weber’s Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, and the perspectives of such recent critics as Charles L. Sanford, Robert Freeman Sayre, John William Ward, and David Devin.

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Note on the Text

The Text of the Autobiography

　The Autobiography

　Textual Notes

　Frankin’s Journey from Boston to Philadelphia, 1723

　The Outline of the Autobiography

　Biographical Notes

Backgrounds

　Excerpts from Franklin’s Letters Mentioning the Autobiography

　　To Mathew Carey, August 10, 1786

　　To the Duke de La Rochefoucauld, October 22, 1788

　　To Benjamin Vaughan, October 24, 1788

　　To William Vaughan, December 9, 1788

　　To Benjamin Vaughan, June 3, 1789

　　To Benjamin Vaughan, November 2, 1789

　　To M. Le Veillard, November 13, 1789

　"Authentic Memoir of Dr. Franklin"

　Anecdotes Recorded by John Jay

　　[Robert Hunter Morris]

　　[Andrew Hamilton]

　　[Writing for the New Jersey Assembly]

　　[Quaker Attitude toward Warfare]

　Excerpts from Frankin’s Writings On Wealth, The Art of Virtue, and Perfect

Wealth

　From Poor Richard, March, 1736

　　To Cadwallader Colden, Philadelphia, September 29, 1748

　　To Abiah Franklin, Philadelphia, April 12, 1750

　　To William Strahan, Philadelphia, June 2, 1750

　　To Peter Collinson, Philadelphia, November 5, 1756

　　[Benjamin Rush on Franklin]

　　To Jane Mecom, London, December 30, 1770

　　To Thomas Cushing, london, June 10, 1771

　　To David Hartley Passy, France, February 2, 1780

　　Benjamin Vaughan to Lord Shelburne, Dover, November 24, 1782

　　To Robert Morris, Passy, France, December 25, 1783

　　To Benjamin Webb, Passy, France, April 22, 1784

　　To Benjamin Vaughan, Passy, France, July 26, 1784

　　[Private Property Is a Creature of Society, November, 1789]

　The Art of Virtue

　　[Poor Richard on Self-Improvement, 1749]

　　To Lord Kames, May 3, 1760

　　To Joseph Priestley, September 19, 1772

　Perfection

　　Franklin’s Epitaph, 1728

　　[Franklin’s Junto Query on Human Perfection, 1732]

　　[An Early Version of the Art of Virtue, 1758]

　　[On Perfection in Human Institutions, 1770]

　　[On Religious Tests for Citizenship, 1780]

Criticism

　CONTEMPORARY OPINIONS

　David Hume, David Hume to Franklin, Edinburgh, May 10, 1762

　Mather Byles, Mather Byles to Franklin, Boston, late 1765

　Franklin in the Cockpit, The Pennsylvania Gazette Report, 1774

　House of Lords, February 1, 1775, William Pitt, Lord Chatham vs. 　Jogn Montague, Lord Sandwich, on Franklin

　Edmund Burke, Edmund Burke to Count Patrick D’Arcy, October 5, 1775

　Peter Oliver, Excerpt from Origins · Progress of the American Rebellion

　Richard Price, Richard Price to Franklin, May 1790

　Anonymous, Excerpt from The Bee, February 27, 1793

　John Adams, John Adams on Franklin, May 15, 1811

　NINETEENTH-CENTURY OPINIONS

　Joseph Dennie, From The Port Folio, 1801

　Franci, Lord Jeffrey, From the Edinburgh Review, 1806

　Charles Brockden Brown, From Literary Magazine, 1806

　John Foster, From The Eclectic Review, 1818

　John Keats, To George and Georgiana Keats, October 14-31, 1818

　Edgar Allan Poe, The Business Man

　Leigh Hunt, From Hunt’s Autobiography

　Herman Melville, From Israel Potter

　Anonymous, From The Nation, 1868

　Mark Twain, The Late Benjamin Franklin

　Frederick Jackson Turner, From The Dial, 1887

　William Dean Howells, From "Editor’s Study," April, 1888

　　- From "Editor’s Study," July, 1888

　　- From "Editor’s Study," January, 1890

　　- From "Editor’s Easy Chair," October, 1905

　TWENTIETH-CENTURY OPINIONS

　Max Weber, Excerpt from The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of 　Capitalism

　D.H. Lawrence, Benjamin Franklin

　W. Somerset Maugham, [The Classic Books of America]

　Charles L. Sanford, An American Pilgrim’s Progress

　Robert Freeman Sayre, The Worldly Franklin and the Provincial 　Critics

　John William Ward, Who Was Benjamin Franklin?

　David Levin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: The Puritan 　Experimenter in Life and Art

　J.A. Leo Lemay, Franklin’s Autobiography and the American Dream

Bibliography

　Key Editions of Franklin's Autobiography

　Abbreviations and Bibliography for the Annotations and the 　Biographical Notes

　A Selective, Annotated Bibliography of Twentieth-Century Criticism

Authors

Index

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